Amakuru ashyushye aherutse kwisoko rya e-itabi ntabwo arirwo ruganda rwateje imbere ibicuruzwa bishya, ahubwo ni amabwiriza mashya yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe ibiryo n’ibiyobyabwenge (FDA) ku ya 5 Gicurasi.
FDA yatangaje ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amabwiriza mashya ya e-itabi mu 2020, ibuza e-itabi ryiza kuruta itabi na menthol kuva muri Mutarama 2020, ariko ntirigenga uburyohe bwa e-itabi. Ukuboza 2022, isoko rya e-itabi ry’Amerika muri Amerika ryiganjemo ibindi biryoha nka bombo y'imbuto, bingana na 79,6%; itabi rifite uburyohe hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bya mint byagurishijwe bingana na 4.3% na 3,6%.
Ikiganiro n'abanyamakuru cyari gitegerejwe na benshi cyarangiye mu biganiro bitavugwaho rumwe. None amabwiriza mashya ateganya iki kuri e-itabi?
Ubwa mbere, FDA yaguye imbaraga zububasha bwa federasiyo ishinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa bya e-itabi. Mbere yibi, imikorere yamasosiyete ya e-itabi ntabwo yagengwaga namategeko yose. Ntabwo ari ukubera ko amabwiriza ya e-itabi afitanye isano n’amategeko y’itabi na politiki y’ubuvuzi n’ibiyobyabwenge, ariko nanone kubera ko e-itabi rifite amateka magufi y’iterambere kandi ni rishya. Ingaruka zubuzima rusange bwikoreshwa ryarwo ziracyasuzumwa. Kubwibyo, amategeko n'amabwiriza bijyanye byabaye mubimenyetso.
Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, umwaka ushize inganda zo muri Amerika zikoresha itabi zifite agaciro ka miliyari 3.7 z’amadolari y’Amerika. Agaciro gakomeye mu nganda bisobanura isoko rinini ninyungu nyinshi, bivuze kandi ko abaguzi baguka vuba. Ukuri kandi kwihutishije gushyiraho amategeko agenga e-itabi.
Icya kabiri, ibicuruzwa byose bya e-gasegereti, kuva kuri e-itabi kugeza kuri vaporizers, bigomba kunyura mubikorwa byemewe mbere yisoko. Amabwiriza mashya kandi agabanya igihe cyateganijwe cyo kubahiriza ibicuruzwa byuzuza igihe cyiza uhereye ku kigereranyo cyambere cyamasaha 5.000 kugeza kumasaha 1.713.
Cynthia Cabrera, umuyobozi mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi bw’umwotsi utagira umwotsi (SFATA), yavuze ko kubera iyo mpamvu, ibigo bigomba gutanga urutonde rw’ibigize buri gicuruzwa, ndetse n’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwimbitse ku ngaruka z’ubuzima rusange bw’ibicuruzwa , ibicuruzwa byibice Byatwara byibuze miliyoni 2 zamadorali kugirango yuzuze iki gisabwa.
Aya mabwiriza nakazi katoroshye cyane kubakora e-itabi na e-fluid. Ntabwo hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibicuruzwa, biravugururwa vuba, kandi ukwezi kwemerwa ni birebire, ariko inzira yose itwara amafaranga menshi. Ibigo bimwe bito amaherezo bizirukanwa mubucuruzi kubera inzira zitoroshye kandi mugihe inyungu zidakomeye cyangwa zikananirwa kwibeshaho.
Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda za e-itabi, ubucuruzi bwamahanga bwiyongera uko umwaka utashye. Icyakora, ukurikije amabwiriza mashya, niba ibicuruzwa bigeze ku isoko ry’Amerika bigomba kunyura muri ubwo buryo butoroshye bwo kwemeza, byanze bikunze bizagira ingaruka ku iterambere ry’ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bya e-itabi ku isoko ry’Amerika.
Aya mabwiriza mashya kandi abuza kugurisha e-itabi ku Banyamerika bari munsi y’imyaka 18. Mubyukuri, tutitaye ko hari amategeko agaragara, abacuruzi ba e-itabi ntibagomba kugurisha e-itabi kubana bato. Ni uko nyuma yuko amabwiriza asohotse, bizazana gutekereza ku ngaruka za e-itabi ku buzima rusange.
Ihame ry'itabi rya elegitoronike ni ugushyushya amazi avanze na nikotine kugirango bivemo umwuka. Kubwibyo, bimwe gusa hamwe na kanseri zingana na kanseri zirenga 60 ziboneka mu mwotsi usanzwe w itabi ziguma mu kirere, kandi nta mwotsi wangiza wangiza. Raporo iherutse gusohoka n’ishuri rikuru ry’abaganga bo mu Bwongereza yavuze ko e-itabi rifite umutekano 95% kuruta itabi risanzwe. Ati: "Kugira ibicuruzwa bitari itabi bitanga nikotine mu buryo bworoshye" bishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa rya nikotine mo kabiri ". Ati: “Ibyo bishobora kuzamuka ku rwego rw'igitangaza cy'ubuzima rusange ukurikije umubare w'abantu bakijijwe.” Aya mabwiriza yakuraho iki gitangaza. "
Icyakora, abanenga nka Stanton Glantz, umwarimu w’ubuvuzi muri kaminuza ya San Francisco, bavuga ko nubwo e-itabi rifite umutekano kuruta itabi risanzwe rigomba gucanwa, ibice biri mu mwuka w’itabi bishobora kwangiza imitima ya abantu banywa itabi.
Nkibindi bicuruzwa byitabi, e-itabi riratera imbere byihuse kandi byanze bikunze gukurura rubanda. Amabwiriza atandukanye aracyari mu rwego rwo gutegura, ariko mu gihe kiri imbere, inganda za e-itabi byanze bikunze zizakurikiranwa cyane na guverinoma z’ibihugu bitandukanye. Igenzura rifatika rifasha iterambere ryiza kandi rifite gahunda. Kubwibyo, nkumwitozo, nibyiza kuzamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa no kubaka agaciro kikirango vuba bishoboka.
Sangira ibisubizo bimweitabi rya elegitoronike ryerekana ibice：
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-25-2023
